Of all the many accomplishments of food chemists in recent decades, perhaps the most remarkable is the development of synthetic foods. Od vseh številnih dosežkov hrane kemikov v zadnjih desetletjih, morda najbolj presenetljivo je razvoj sintetičnih živil. The term synthetic food refers to a food not found in nature. Izraz sintetična hrana se nanaša na hrano, ne najdemo v naravi. Non-dairy creamer, mentioned in chapter 1, is often cited as a classic example of a synthetic food. Ne-mlečni pavlaku, navedene v poglavju 1, se pogosto navaja kot klasičen primer sintetično hrano. It does not exist anywhere in the natural world and was invented by food chemists to replace a natural product, natural cream. Ne obstaja nikjer v naravnem svetu in je izumil hrane kemiki za zamenjavo naraven izdelek, naravno kremo. Any... Vsak ... Carbonated soft drinks made primarily of water containing dissolved carbon dioxide, artificial coloring, artificial flavoring, and other ingredients go by many different names in different parts of the country: pop, soda, soda pop, and tonic. Gazirane brezalkoholne pijače so predvsem iz vode, ki vsebujejo raztopljen ogljikov dioksid, umetnih barvil, umetnih arom in drugih sestavin hodil z različnimi imeni v različnih delih države: pop, soda, soda pop, in tonik. These drinks are also widely known as soft drinks, although that term is generally used for noncarbonated drinks also. Te pijače so tudi splošno znano kot brezalkoholne pijače, čeprav je ta izraz na splošno uporablja za noncarbonated pijač prav. Soda pop may well be one of the world's first totally artificial... Soda pop lahko tudi eden od prvega svetovnega popolnoma umetno ... In recent years, some people have criticized soda pop on nutritional grounds. V zadnjih letih so nekateri ljudje kritizirali soda pop na prehranske razlogov. They argue that it scarcely deserves to be called a food since it typically contains few, if any, nutrients. Trdijo, da je komaj zasluži, da se imenuje živilo, saj običajno vsebuje malo, če sploh, hranilne snovi. As noted earlier, soda pop consists of water, dissolved carbon dioxide, artificial flavoring, artificial coloring, and other ingredients. Kot že omenjeno, soda pop sestavljen iz vode, raztopljen ogljikov dioksid, umetne arome, umetna barvila in druge sestavine. Chief among these other ingredients is sugar or sugar substitutes. Glavni med njimi drugih sestavin sladkorja ali sladkorja nadomestki. Perhaps ironically, it is sugar and... Morda ironično, da je sladkor in ... Sweeteners can be classified into two general groups: caloric (or nutritive) and noncaloric (or non-nutritive) products. Sladila lahko razdelimo na dve večji skupini: kalorični (ali hranilnih) in noncaloric (ali ne-hranilna) izdelkov. Caloric sweeteners are natural products, such as sucrose, fructose, glu- ~ 75 1Л ТЭ С 3 о о. Kalorični sladila so naravni izdelki, kot so saharoza, fruktoza, Glu-~ 75 1Л ТЭ С 3 о о. с 25 ГС 3 О 50 100 — \ * ■у — — Sugar ■ - Corn s\ — High-f weeteners ■uctose со rn syrup 1970 1975 ... с 25 ГС 3 О 50 100 - \ * ■ у - Sugar ■ - Corn s \ - visoko f weeteners ■ uctose со rn sirup 1970 1975 ... Some people regard artificial sweeteners as the way to avoid the health problems associated with caloric sweeteners such as sugar and HFCS. Nekateri ljudje menijo, umetna sladila, kot način, da bi se izognili zdravstvenih težav, povezanih z kalorij sladili, kot so sladkor in HFC. These synthetic foods add no calories or virtually no calories to a person's diet. Te sintetične živila dodati nobenih kalorij ali skoraj nobenih kalorij v prehrani posameznika. As of late 2004, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had approved five artificial sweeteners for use in the United States. Od konca leta 2004, je ameriška Food and Drug Administration (FDA) odobril pet umetnih sladil za uporabo v Združenih državah Amerike. They are saccharin, aspartame, sucralose, ace-sulfame potassium,... So saharin, aspartam, sukraloza, as-sulfame kalij, ... ra Remsen's name is familiar to any historian of American science today. Ime ra Remsen je znano, da kateri koli zgodovinarja znanosti ameriške danes. He is best remembered for two accomplishments: the first was the discovery in 1879 of o-benzoyl sulfimide, the compound now known as saccharin, and his contributions to the development of professional education in science in the United States. On je najbolj ostal v spominu po dveh dosežkov: prvi je bilo odkritje leta 1879 O-benzoil sulfimide je sestavljenih zdaj znana kot saharin in njegov prispevek k razvoju strokovnega izobraževanja v znanosti v ZDA. Ira Remsen was born in New York City on February 10, 1846, of Dutch and Huguenot ancestry. Ira Remsen se je rodil v New Yorku 10. februarja 1846, z Nizozemske in Huguenot prednikov. At his parents'... Na njegovih staršev "... Serendipity, the act of making a useful discovery of something for which one is not actually searching, seems to be an inherent part of the discovery of nearly all artificial sweeteners. Serendipity, dejanje bi koristno odkritje nečesa, za katero ni dejansko iskanje, zdi, da je sestavni del odkritju skoraj vseh umetnih sladil. Like Remsen and Fahlberg's discovery of saccharin, the discovery of aspartame was accidental. Kot odkritju Remsen and Fahlberg je za saharin, aspartam odkritje je bilo naključno. James Schlatter, a chemist at the GD Searle pharmaceutical company, was involved in research on new drugs that might be used to treat ulcers.... James Schlatter, kemik družbe GD na farmacevtskem si bliže, je bil vpleten v raziskave novih zdravil, ki jih lahko uporabljamo tudi za zdravljenje razjede .... A third artificial sweetener, acesulfame was discovered accidentally in a manner similar to that as saccharin and aspartame: In 1967 Karl Claus, an employee of the large manufacturing company Hoechst AG, accidentally dipped his fingers into a chemical with which he was working in the laboratory. 3. umetno sladilo, so odkrili po naključju acesulfam na način, podobno kot je saharin in aspartam: Leta 1967 je Karl Claus, uslužbenec velikega podjetja proizvodnega Hoechst AG, po nesreči namočene prste v kemikalije, s katerimi je delal v laboratoriju . When he later licked his finger to pick up a piece of paper, he noted the very sweet taste of the chemical. Ko se je kasneje polizala s prstom, da poberem kos papirja, je opozoril na zelo sladek okus kemikalije. This compound was later... Ta spojina je kasneje ... As already noted, the FDA has approved five non-nutritive sweeteners just discussed: saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame-K, sucralose, and neotame. Kot smo že omenili, je FDA odobrila pet niso hranljive sladil samo razpravljali saharin, aspartam, acesulfam-K, sukraloza, in neotam. Others, however, have been developed and are under consideration by the FDA, the two most important of which are cy-clamates and alitame. Drugi pa so bili razviti in so v obravnavi s strani FDA, dve najbolj pomembno, od katerih so CY-clamates in alitame. The discovery of the cyclamates yields yet another fantastic story in the history of artificial sweeteners. Odkritje ciklamatov prinaša še eno fantastično zgodbo v zgodovini umetnih sladil. In 1937 Michael Sveda, then a... Leta 1937 Michael sveda, potem ... No single corporation has ever done greater damage to the planet than Monsanto. Nobena posamezna družba ni nikoli naredil večjo škodo na planetu, kot je Monsanto. —Rachel's Environment & Health Weekly, Issue #504, July 25, 1996. -Rachel o okolju in zdravju, Tedensko, Issue # 504, 25. julij 1996. Life is not always easy for the world's chemical manufacturers these days. Življenje ni vedno lahko za kemične svetovnih proizvajalcev v teh dneh. Companies such as Monsanto, DuPont, Merck, Aventis, Merck, and Union Carbide are being blamed for a host of environmental problems and health problems among humans and other animals. Podjetja, kot so Monsanto, DuPont, Merck in Aventis, Merck in Union Carbide se krivijo za številne okoljske probleme in zdravstvenih težav med ljudi in drugih živali. Chemicals produced... Kemikalije proizvajajo ... The problems of sugar consumption notwithstanding, many nutrition experts believe that the most important health problems in the United States today stem from Americans' high intake of fats. Problemi glede porabe sladkorja, mnogi strokovnjaki menijo, da je prehrana najpomembnejši zdravstvene težave v Združenih državah Amerike je danes izhajajo iz vnosa visoko Američane 'maščob. Many Americans consume 40 percent or more of their daily dietary calories in the form of fats. Mnogi Američani porabijo 40 odstotkov ali več svojih dnevnih prehranskih kalorij v obliki maščob. The FDA, the American Heart Association, and other health agencies, however, recommend diets containing no more than about 30 percent of... FDA, American Heart Association in druge zdravstvene organizacije, vendar priporočamo, prehrane, ki vsebujejo več kot približno 30 odstotkov ... But who will watch the watchers? Toda kdo bo gledal opazovalci? —Juvenal (ca. 70-138 ce) In a democratic society like that of the United States, one function of the government is to protect its citizens from possible risks posed by large corporations. -Juvenal (cca. 70-138 ce) V demokratični družbi, kot je ta v Združenih državah Amerike, ena funkcija vlade je za zaščito svojih državljanov pred morebitnimi tveganji, ki jih velike korporacije. For example, the Food and Drug Administration is charged with the responsibility of watching over the foods, drugs, cosmetics, and other chemicals that are made available to Americans in the marketplace.... Na primer, je uprava za hrano in zdravila ki je odgovorna za gledanje preko hrane, zdravil, kozmetike in drugih kemikalij, ki so na voljo, da Američani na trgu .... 
Introduction Predstavitev 
The History Of Food Modification Pretekle spremembe hrane 
Food Additives Aditivi za živila 
Synthetic Foods Sintetična Živila 
